El abecedario en inglés

El abecedario en inglés tiene 26 letras, las mismas que el español pero sin la ñ, y lo que cambia de verdad es cómo se llama cada letra al pronunciarla. Aunque la A, la B o la C se escriben igual, en inglés se dicen muy distinto: la A suena “ei”, la E suena “i” y la I suena “ai”. Aquí tienes la tabla completa con la pronunciación aproximada de cada letra y un ejemplo, además de cómo deletrear tu nombre en voz alta.

Las 26 letras del abecedario en inglés

La “pronunciación aproximada” está escrita tal como sonaría leyéndola en español. No es perfecta, pero te acerca mucho al sonido real.

Letra Pronunciación aproximada Ejemplo
A ei apple — manzana
B bi book — libro
C si cat — gato
D di dog — perro
E i egg — huevo
F ef fish — pez
G yi girl — niña
H eich house — casa
I ai ice — hielo
J yei juice — zumo
K kei key — llave
L el love — amor
M em moon — luna
N en night — noche
O ou orange — naranja
P pi pen — bolígrafo
Q kiu queen — reina
R ar red — rojo
S es sun — sol
T ti table — mesa
U iu umbrella — paraguas
V vi voice — voz
W dabliu water — agua
X eks box — caja
Y uai yellow — amarillo
Z zi (zed) zoo — zoológico

La Z se dice “zi” en inglés americano y “zed” en inglés británico. Las dos son correctas; elige una y mantenla.

Las cinco vocales

Las vocales son las mismas que en español —A, E, I, O, U— pero sus nombres no se parecen nada a los nuestros, y esto es lo que más confunde al principio:

Fíjate en la trampa: la E inglesa suena como nuestra “i”, y la I inglesa suena como “ai”. Es muy fácil decirlas al revés.

Cómo deletrear tu nombre en voz alta

Deletrear es una de las cosas más útiles del abecedario: te lo van a pedir en aeropuertos, hoteles, llamadas y formularios. La pregunta típica es:

How do you spell your name? — ¿Cómo se escribe tu nombre?

Y respondes letra por letra, usando los nombres de la tabla. Por ejemplo, para “Ana”:

A - N - A → “ei - en - ei”

Para “Luis”:

L - U - I - S → “el - iu - ai - es”

Si dos letras son iguales seguidas, en inglés se suele decir double (“doble”). Por ejemplo, “Emma” se deletrea: “i - em - em - ei”, o también E - double M - A.

Errores comunes de los hispanohablantes

Una nota sobre mayúsculas y minúsculas

En inglés se escriben con mayúscula los días de la semana (Monday), los meses (July), los idiomas y nacionalidades (English, Spanish) y el pronombre I (“yo”), que siempre va en mayúscula. En español muchas de estas palabras van en minúscula, así que es un detalle fácil de olvidar.

La mejor forma de fijar las letras: viéndolas en palabras reales

Aprender las letras aisladas ayuda, pero se fijan mejor cuando las conectas con forma escrita, sonido y significado dentro de palabras reales. Esa idea encaja con la investigación sobre vocabulario: saber una palabra no es solo traducirla, también incluye reconocer su forma, pronunciación y uso (Schmitt 2008). Por eso conviene practicar el abecedario deletreando nombres y palabras que ya entiendes, no repitiendo letras sin contexto.

Saberte la tabla está bien, pero las letras se te quedan de verdad cuando las ves una y otra vez dentro de palabras que entiendes — que es justo para lo que está hecho Verbista.


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Pruébalo: lee esta historia y toca cualquier palabra que no sepas. Pulsa Escuchar para oírla con resaltado.

Mike and Sara have a small house. They have one car. They have two children, Anna and Jake.

The family is not happy here. They want a new country.

Sara asks, "Is a new country good for us?"

Mike says, "Yes. It is good for us."

They need money for the trip. Mike says, "We sell the house."

Sara says, "And we sell the car."

They sell many things too: the table, the chairs, the plates, and the old toys.

Anna is sad. She says, "I love my toys."

Sara says, "It is okay. We find new toys in the new country."

The family takes their bags. They walk to the train station. They wait, and then the train comes.

The train is long. The trip is long too. Anna looks out the window. Jake is tired.

After the trip, they come to the new country. The sun is warm. People are friendly.

A woman helps them. She says, "Welcome! This is your new home."

Mike gets a job. Sara gets a job too. Anna and Jake go to a new school.

At night, the family sits together.

Sara says, "We do not have our old house. But we have a new home, and we have each other."

Anna smiles. Jake smiles too.

The family is happy in the new country.

Dan and Beth lived in a small house with their son, Sam. Life was hard. Dan worked at a store, but the money was not enough. Beth wanted a better life for her family.

One day, Beth said, "We can move to a new country. We can have a better life there."

Dan looked at her and said, "But we don't have enough money for tickets and passports."

"We can sell our things," Beth said. "We can sell the house, the car, and the sofa. Then we can buy tickets and passports."

Sam heard them and asked, "Can we take my toys?"

Beth smiled and said, "You can take one toy, but we must sell the rest. We can't take everything with us."

The next day, they started selling. They sold the sofa, the table, and the chairs. They sold Dan's bike and Beth's radio. Sam sold most of his toys, but he kept his favorite robot.

Selling the house was the hardest part. It was Dan's parents' house. Dan felt sad, but he knew they had to do it because they wanted a better future for Sam.

After three months, they had enough money. They bought three tickets and got their passports. Sam was very excited.

"Are we really going?" he asked.

"Yes," said Dan. "Tomorrow, we are flying to our new country."

At the airport, they waited for their plane. Sam held his robot. Beth held Dan's hand. They did not have a house now, and they did not have a car. But they had each other, and they had hope.

The plane took them to their new country. The new city was bigger than their old town, and there were more people in the streets.

At first, everything was different and hard. Dan did not speak the language well, and Sam missed his old friends.

But slowly, life got better. Dan found a new job. Sam made new friends at his new school. Beth learned the language quickly, and she helped other families too.

One evening, Sam asked, "Are you happy, Mom?"

Beth looked around their new, small apartment. It was not big, but it was warm, and it was theirs.

"Yes," she said. "We don't have many things now. But we have a new life. And that is enough."

Dan and Kate live in a small village with their son, Sam. Dan is a farmer. He works in the fields every day, but the family is poor. They have an old house, two cows, and a small television. That is all.

One evening, Kate is reading the news online. She finds a website. "Every year, a rich country chooses one hundred families from around the world," she reads. "If they choose your family, you can start a new life there."

"Really?" Dan asks. "How do we apply?"

"We fill in a form," Kate says. "It's free, but we need photos and papers."

That night, they talk about it. "If we are chosen, we have to sell everything," Dan says. "We won't have money for plane tickets."

"I know," Kate says. "But if we don't try, we will never know."

They fill in the form together. Sam, who is ten years old, helps them find old photos. Then they wait.

Weeks pass. Every day, Kate checks her email. She is always nervous. Dan tries to stay calm, but he worries too.

Then, one morning, an email arrives. Kate opens it. Her hands are shaking.

"We are chosen!" she shouts. "We are going to a new country!"

Sam jumps up. Dan hugs Kate. But then Dan looks worried again. "We have to pay for the tickets," he says. "And we don't have much time."

The next day, they start selling things. They sell the cows first. Then they sell the furniturethe table, the chairs, the beds. A neighbor buys their old television and fridge. Kate sells her bicycle. Dan sells his father's old watch, which was very important to him.

Finally, they sell the house.

The night before they leave, the house is empty. They sleep on the floor for the last time, under the same roof.

"Are you scared?" Sam asks his mother.

"A little," Kate says. "But this is our chance. Sometimes you have to be brave."

"What if the new country is bad?" Sam asks.

"Then we will learn and try again," Dan says. "But I don't think it will be bad. We will work hard, and we will make new friends."

The next morning, they take a bus to the airport. It is the first time Sam has ever seen a plane close up. He watches it through the window, his eyes wide.

"Look, Sam!" Kate says. "That plane is going to take us to our new home."

On the plane, Sam falls asleep quickly, but Dan and Kate stay awake. They hold hands and look out the window at the clouds.

"We don't have a house anymore," Dan says quietly. "We don't have cows or a television. We have nothing."

Kate smiles. "We have each other. And we have a chance. That's more than we had before."

When they land, a woman is waiting for them at the airport. She is holding a sign with their name on it. "Welcome!" she says. "We have a small apartment for you. And Dan, there's a job for you at a farm near the city."

Sam looks around at the tall buildings and the busy streets. Everything is new and strange, but he is smiling.

"Mom," he says, "I think I'm going to like it here."

Kate looks at Dan. They sold everything they had. But now, for the first time in years, they feel truly rich.

Mark and Anna lived in a small town where good jobs were hard to find. Mark worked at a factory, and Anna cleaned houses for other families. They had two children, Sam and Kate, and they wanted a better life for them.

One evening, Anna checked her email and found a message from another country's government. Their names had been chosen in a visa lottery. She read it twice before she believed it.

"Mark!" she called. "Come and look at this!"

Mark read the email slowly. "Is this real?" he asked.

"I think so," Anna said. "It says we have three months to accept the offer."

They sat at the kitchen table for a long time that night. If they took the offer, they would have to leave their home, their families, and everyone they knew. If they stayed, life would probably stay the same forever. Neither of them wanted that.

"We have been talking about a better future for years," Mark said quietly. "Maybe this is it."

Anna nodded. "But we don't have enough money for tickets, or a new home when we arrive."

"Then we sell what we have," Mark said. "All of it."

Over the next weeks, they made lists of everything in the house. The sofa, the television, the beds, Mark's old carall of it went up for sale. Anna's grandmother's clock, which she had kept since she was a child, was the hardest thing to let go of. She held it in her hands for a long time before she put a price on it.

Their neighbor, Beth, who had lived next door for fifteen years, came to see the empty rooms. "Are you sure about this?" she asked. "You're selling everything you own."

"We've thought about it carefully," Anna said. "By the time the letter arrived, we had already decided we needed a change. This is our chance."

"You should have told me sooner," Beth said, laughing, but her eyes were wet. "I would have helped you pack."

Sam and Kate did not fully understand why their toys were being sold, but they understood that something big was happening. "Will we have a garden in the new country?" Kate asked.

"Maybe," Anna said. "We'll have to see."

The car was sold first, then the furniture, then almost everything else. By the final week, the house was empty except for four suitcases. It felt strange to sleep on the floor in a house that used to be full of things.

The night before they left, Mark stood in the empty living room. "Are we doing the right thing?" he asked Anna.

"I don't know," she said honestly. "But if we didn't try, we would always wonder what could have happened."

At the airport, Beth came to say goodbye. She told them that she would miss them every single day. Mark promised that they would call as soon as they landed.

The flight was long, and the children slept most of the way. Anna looked out of the window and thought about the small house, the clock, the garden they used to have. It was not as easy as she had imagined, leaving everything behind. But when she looked at Sam and Kate sleeping peacefully beside her, she felt sure they had made the right choice.

They arrived with four suitcases and very little money, but they had each other, and they had a chance that many people never get. A small apartment was waiting for them, arranged by a local charity that helped new families. It was not much, but it was theirs.

Six months later, Mark had found work in a warehouse, and Anna was studying to become a nurse's assistant. They had fewer things now than they had ever owned before, but somehow, they needed less than they thought. One evening, as they ate dinner in their new kitchen, Kate looked up and smiled.

"Can we get a clock like Grandma's?" she asked.

Anna smiled back. "One day," she said. "One day we will."

The house sold in eleven days. Sam had expected it to take months, but the market was hot, and the new owners wanted to move in before the school year started. Standing in the empty living room on the last afternoon, Beth looked around at the pale squares on the walls where the pictures used to hang and felt strangely calm.

"It's just a room now," she said. "It stopped being ours the moment we signed the papers."

Their son Jake, sixteen and quietly furious for most of the year, said nothing. He had lost the argument weeks ago, when his parents sat him down at the kitchen table and explained, as gently as they could, that they were leaving. Sam had been out of work for eight months. Every job he applied for wanted younger candidates or a degree he didn't have, and the letters from the bank had grown less polite with each one. If he hadn't lost his job in the spring, they probably wouldn't be selling the house nowbut even if he had kept it, the small business he and Beth had built together was already failing, and that would have caught up with them eventually anyway. It was Jake who finally said what none of the adults wanted to say out loud: that staying didn't feel like a choice at all.

So they sold it all. The car went first, then the furniture, then Beth's grandmother's piano, which had sat in the corner of every house she'd ever lived in. Each sale felt like removing a layer of who they used to be. By the time the immigration officer called to confirm their appointment, there was almost nothing left to sell.

The interview took place in a small office with a window that didn't open. The officer, a tired-looking woman named Kate, asked whether they had ever lived abroad before, whether Sam had family in the destination country, and whether they understood that the visa, once granted, would have been reviewed and approved through three separate departments before it became final. Beth answered every question carefully. She had rehearsed the answers so many times that they no longer sounded like her own voice.

"Your application has been processed faster than most," Kate told them afterward, almost as an apology for how long the wait had felt. "You should have some news within six weeks."

Six weeks became eleven. Jake, who had refused to say goodbye to his friends properly, later admitted that he should have called them before they left instead of simply disappearing from their group chat. Sam, watching their savings shrink further with every passing week, sometimes wondered aloud whether they had made a terrible mistake. Beth never let herself agree with him, although she must have thought it too, more than once, lying awake at three in the morning.

The email arrived on a Tuesday. Approved. Beth read it twice before she believed it, then called Sam in from the kitchen, where he had been quietly practicing, for the hundredth time, how he would introduce himself in a country whose customs he still didn't fully understand.

They flew out three weeks later with four suitcases between themeverything they now owned in the world. Jake, despite everything, was the one who cried at the airport, not from sadness exactly, but from something closer to relief.

The apartment waiting for them was small, in a building to whose front door they didn't yet have a key of their own, so a neighbor let them in and showed them where the mailboxes were. It was nothing like the house they'd sold. There was no piano, no garden, none of the furniture that had once made a place feel like theirs.

But that evening, as the three of them sat on the floor eating food from paper containers because the kitchen wasn't unpacked yet, Sam looked at his wife and son and said the thing he had been unable to say for a year.

"We made it. Whatever happens next, we made it here together."

Jake almost smiled. Outside, the city they didn't know yet went on with its evening, indifferent and enormous, and somehow that felt like exactly the right kind of beginning.

Not until the envelope arrived did Anna allow herself to believe it might actually happen. It was Dan who had first floated the idea, months earlier, half-joking over dinner: what if they simply applied? The odds were long, the fee was non-refundable, and the whole scheme sounded, frankly, like something a more reckless family would attempt. And yet here was the letter, confirming that their names had been drawn in the visa lotterythat they had, against every reasonable expectation, won a chance at resettlement.

A chance was all it was, though. Winning the draw meant nothing without proof of savings, a sponsor, and fees that dwarfed anything the family had set aside. Had they known, at the outset, how steep those costs would prove, they might have hesitated before entering at all. As it was, there was no backing out nownot with Emma old enough to sense that something enormous was underway, and not with the alternative being a country whose prospects, for people like them, seemed to shrink by the year.

So they began selling. The car went first, then Dan's tools, then the furniture that had filled the apartment since before Emma was born. Anna's mother's jewelry, kept for decades in a drawer and never once worn, was handed over to a dealer who barely looked up from his counter. It is often assumed that parting with possessions is the easy part of emigration and the paperwork the hard part; the family discovered, rather, that both were equally punishing, just in different currenciesone in money, the other in memory.

"We're not losing anything," Dan kept telling Emma, "we're trading it for something better." He said it so often that Anna suspected he was reassuring himself as much as their daughter. Not once, in all those weeks, did he let his own doubt show in front of Emmathough Anna, lying awake beside him, heard it plainly enough in his silences.

By the time the apartment itself was sold, there was little left but suitcases and documents. Insofar as a family can be reduced to what fits in three bags, theirs now was. Friends came to say goodbye, some with barely concealed envy, others with the quiet worry of people who suspected they were witnessing a mistake. "You're giving up everything for a maybe," one neighbor said. Anna only shrugged. What was there to say? That the maybe, however uncertain, still outweighed the certainty of what they were leaving behind?

The final interview at the embassy was the part Anna had dreaded most. A visa officer, brisk and unreadable, asked question after questionabout income, about intentions, about whether they had family already abroad. Not only did the officer ask twice about their finances, but he also requested bank statements going back three years, statements Dan had assembled with the meticulousness of a man who understood that a single missing page could unravel eighteen months of effort. That said, the interview, however gruelling, ended with a handshake rather than a refusal, and a promise that a decision would follow within weeks.

The weeks that followed were the hardest of allharder, oddly, than the selling had been. There was nothing left to do but wait, and waiting, Anna found, left far too much room for imagining every way the plan might collapse. Had the decision gone against them, they would have had nowhere to return to; the apartment was already someone else's, the furniture already scattered among strangers' homes. It was a risk that, viewed calmly, bordered on recklessness. Viewed any other way, though, it was simply what people do when staying still no longer feels like an option.

The approval came on an ordinary Tuesday, in an email so plainly worded that Anna read it three times before trusting it. There was no ceremony to it, no fanfarejust a line confirming that their visas had been granted and that they could travel within the month. Emma, who had grown so used to her parents' quiet tension that she'd stopped asking questions, burst into tears of a kind Anna hadn't seen from her before.

They left with three suitcases and no furniture, no car, and no home to come back to. What they carried insteada stubborn, hard-won kind of hopecould not be sold and, as it turned out, was the only thing they had truly needed all along.

The email arrived on a Tuesday, in the flattened, bureaucratic prose that such emails always seem to favor, as though the news itself needed to be kept at arm's length from the register in which it was delivered. Congratulations. Your case has been selected for further processing. Sam read it twice before he understood that this was the sentence that would dismantle his family's entire life, piece by piece, over the following eight months.

He had entered the visa lottery the way one enters any lotterywith a shrug, a few clicks, and no real expectation of consequence. Beth had teased him about it at the time, called it his annual tax on hope. Now the hope had come due, and it wanted paying in full.

What nobody tells you, going in, is that winning is merely the invitation to a much longer and more expensive contest: medical examinations at a clinic three hours away, police certificates from every city they had ever lived in, an interview date that could not be moved, andabove allthe proof of funds the consulate required, a sum meant to demonstrate that the family would not become, in the chilling phrase of the regulations, a public charge. It was not a small sum. It was, in fact, very close to everything they had.

So they sold everything they had.

The apartment went first, to a cousin of Beth's who had always coveted the corner unit's light and didn't trouble himself to hide his satisfaction at getting it below market. Then the car, which Tom had learned to drive in and had assumed, with the guileless confidence of a fifteen-year-old, would someday be his. Then the furniture, sold in a single afternoon to a dealer who moved through the rooms with a clipboard and a flat, appraising eye, offering sums so much lower than expectation that Beth had to leave the room twice to keep from saying something she would regret. The pianonobody's, really, inherited from a grandmother none of the children had metfetched almost nothing, and Emma, who was nine and had only recently begun to play it with any competence, cried in a manner too controlled for a child her age, which was somehow worse than if she had wailed.

Had Sam known, at the outset, quite how much of themselves the process would require, he might have hesitated before submitting that first entrynot because he would have chosen differently, but because he would have wanted, at least, to brace for it properly. As it was, each fresh demand arrived as its own small betrayal: not only did the fees compound faster than the sales could cover them, but the emotional arithmetic proved just as merciless. What Beth found hardest was not the money at all. It was the small object lost in a move nobody had chosen to make voluntarilyher mother's ring, mistakenly boxed with a lamp she'd sold to a stranger whose name she never learned, gone before she thought to check the drawer twice.

By the week of the interview, they were, in the strict material sense, almost nothing: four suitcases, a folder of documents thick enough to double as a pillow, and a bank statement showing a balance that had been, until eleven days earlier, a house.

The interview itself lasted six minutes. A woman behind reinforced glass asked Tom what he wanted to study, asked Emma her age, glanced at the bank statement, and stamped four passports with the particular indifference of someone for whom this was merely the two-hundredth transaction of the day, and for whom it was, for the family standing before her, the entire second half of their lives.

They flew out on a Thursday. Tom pressed his face to the window as the country contracted beneath them into a manageable, almost toy-like geography of rooftops and roads, and found that he felt less grief than he had expectedor rather, felt it, but at a curious remove, as if it belonged to someone slightly older than himself, someone he would grow into later. Emma slept against Beth's arm for most of the flight, the ring's absence not yet fully hers to mourn; that would come, Beth suspected, in a year or two, in the form of a question asked at an unguarded momentwhere's Grandma's ring? — for which she still had no honest answer prepared.

They landed with less, in the strictest accounting, than they had ever possessed as a family: no home, no car, no furniture, a piano-shaped absence that would follow Emma for years. What they landed with insteadand it took Sam the better part of that first winter to articulate this to himself, let alone to anyone elsewas a version of possession that could not be inventoried by a clipboard-wielding dealer or itemized on a consular form: four passports, stamped; four people, together; and, notwithstanding everything the last eight months had taken from them, a future that was, for the first time in a long while, genuinely theirs to determine.

It would be dishonest to call it a fair trade. Sam never did, not even years later, when Tom had graduated and Emma hadalmost defiantlybought herself a secondhand keyboard with her first paycheck and taught herself, slowly and badly and then less badly, to play again. But it was, he came to believe, the only trade that had actually been on offer, and they had made it with their eyes, if not entirely open, then open enough.